![]() Accordingly, pica may include eating of dust, earth, soil or clay (geophagia), corn or laundry starch (amylophagia) likewise ice or freezer frost (pagophagia), and a host of other materials as elaborated by. WHO highlighted that this captures a wide range of excessive and insistent consumption of both nutritional and non-nutritional objects without the intention of deriving nutritional benefits but rather some satisfaction or pleasure. Pica is universally described as the obstinate ingesting of substances that provide no nutrients and is aptly categorized as a syndrome associated with eating. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. We welcome your feedback on our information resources.Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Last reviewed: December 2020 Next review date: December 2023 Version 2.0 Sources used to create this information are available by contacting Beat. Physical illness as a result of eating harmful substances.Eating substances that aren’t supposed to be eaten.Craving to consume substances that aren’t supposed to be eaten.It may be necessary to contact the emergency services. If you or someone you know has eaten something that isn’t supposed to be eaten, you should seek medical help immediately. ![]() Some of the items that people may feel an urge to eat because of pica can be extremely harmful. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders such as trichotillomania (hair-pulling) and excoriation disorder (skin-picking).Nonetheless, it may be more likely to occur alongside: The percentage of people who have it is not yet known, as different researchers may use different definitions of pica, leading to some confusion. In some cases, people with pica have been found to be deficient in certain minerals or vitamins, but this is often not the case. The reasons that people develop pica are not yet clear, although several scientists have linked it to the nervous system, and have understood it as a learned behaviour or coping mechanism. If you’re concerned about yourself or someone else, you should visit your doctor as quickly as possible so that they can refer you for appropriate treatment. However, some non-food items that they consume can be very dangerous, especially if eaten in large quantities. ![]() ![]() People with pica don’t usually avoid regular food, meaning they may still be getting all the nutrients they need. In cases where it is this other illness that has caused the behaviour related to pica, a separate diagnosis of pica would be made only if it is serious enough to need clinical attention beyond that already being provided for the other illness. It can occur alongside other illnesses, including other eating disorders. Pica affects people of all genders and ages, though it is more likely to first appear among children. Often, pica is not revealed until medical consequences occur, such as metal toxicity, cracked teeth, or infections. For a diagnosis of pica, the behaviour must be present for at least one month, not part of a cultural practice, and developmentally inappropriate – generally, it’s not diagnosed in children under the age of two, as it is common for babies to “mouth” objects, which can lead to them accidentally eating substances that aren’t meant to be eaten. Pica is a feeding disorder in which someone eats non-food substances that have no nutritional value, such as paper, soap, paint, chalk, or ice.
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